・Heisenberg tried to explain the conditions of quantization proposed by Planck and Bohr from a more basic equation, and for that reason, physical quantities that until then were treated as quantities that take continuous “values” such as position and speed were replaced with mathematical objects called matrices where multiple numbers gather and work. In other words, Heisenberg expressed “the position and movement of electrons” that cannot be observed with the eye with a “table = matrix of information” where only relationships can be understood (p39)
・The equation for predicting motion by doing this is expressed from the “Newton equation” for position and momentum that takes continuous values, and in plain terms, in terms of the “Heisenberg equation” using matrices representing position and speed, the Newton equation shows “where the apple in front of you will fall the next moment,” and in the Heisenberg equation, “how does the information relating to the position and movement of electrons change at the next moment” It is used in the world directly visible to the Newtonian equation where “or” can be understood, and the Heisenberg equation is used in the microscopic quantum world (p40)
・In the microscopic world, fishermen do not exist at one point of coordinates, but exist as a “superimposed state” with expansions in space. A wave function representing the distribution of quantum spread is used to express this, and this wave-like function changes according to the rule called the “Schrödinger equation” over time, and quanta have properties as waves, and it is now possible to successfully express objects that have both grain-like properties and wave-like properties (p41)
・The Japanese word physics comes from using the Confucian term “physics = the logic of everything” as a Japanese translation of words introduced from Western Europe from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period (p64)
・The major difference between qubits and classical bits is that “0 and 1 can be expressed simultaneously,” and the possibility of both “0” and “1” remains until measurement. A qubit can continuously (analog) express how large or small its potential is. When measured, 0 and 1 are randomly determined for the first time according to the magnitude of this possibility. The characteristic that 0 and 1 can be expressed simultaneously and that these possibilities can be continuously changed dramatically increases the calculation speed of quantum computers (p91)
・Japan realized quantum computers exceeding 50 qubits in 2023/3, following America and China, and until the supercomputer “Frontier” appeared, “Fugaku” boasted the best performance in the world, and Japan was off to a good start from the viewpoint of securing computational resources (p129)
・In 2018, a project aimed at the birth of a domestic quantum computer was launched at RIKEN, and 5 years have passed since then, Japan released the first domestic quantum computer “” with 64 cuisine in 2023/3, followed by Fujitsu and RIKEN, Unit 2 and Unit 3 at Osaka University in December (p132)
・The people who made the most money during the Gold Rush were merchants who sold jeans and pickaxes, and it is expected that companies that supply parts necessary to make quantum computers will first start up as an industry and profit (p142)
・In order for a substance to become superconducting, it is necessary to cool it to an ultra-low temperature, but by designing materials well, it is possible to produce materials that are superconducting even at high temperatures. Using quantum computers to simulate the mechanism of materials that cause high-temperature superconductivity, understanding that mechanism will lead to the discovery of new high-temperature superconducting materials. Similarly, quantum computers are expected to be used in material development for solar cells (p192)
・A lot of energy is required to make hydrogen, and since hydrogen is extremely light and diffuses easily, transportation and storage are difficult, so a technology called “methanation,” which adds carbon dioxide to hydrogen and changes it to methane that is easy to handle in the environment we usually live in, has been proposed, and methane emits carbon dioxide during combustion, so there is a limit in aiming for more complete decarbonization. Therefore, ammonia synthesized from hydrogen and nitrogen is expected as a new energy medium (p199)
・Looking at the reactions of their surroundings, it has become clear that there are people who are good at using convenient tools using AI and people who don't, and the characteristics of people who can use it well are they give good instructions based on their own experience that “when you give such instructions,” they determine whether the “such” answers obtained are correct and correct them as appropriate (p207)
・Large-scale language models learned using vast computational resources can instantaneously return knowledge and expressive power that humans would acquire over 20 years simply by querying a computer server on the cloud. Until now, “CPUs” have played a central role in computers, but with the advent of deep planning and generative AI, “GPUs” that are strong in parallel processing have rapidly increased their presence, and quantum computers have also emerged as a dominant option (p267)